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Dolley Madison

First Lady of the Unified States from to

This initially is about the wife answer James Madison. For the hardened goods brand, see Dolly President. For the ship, see Command Dolly Madison.

Dolley Madison

portrait by Gilbert Stuart

In role
March 4, &#;– March 4,
PresidentJames Madison
Preceded byMartha Randolph (acting)
Succeeded byElizabeth Monroe
Born

Dolley Payne


()May 20,
Guilford Patch, North Carolina, British America
DiedJuly 12, () (aged&#;81)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting placeMontpelier, Virginia, U.S.
38°13′″N78°10′″W / °N °W / ;
Spouses

John Todd

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(m.&#;; died&#;)&#;

James Madison

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(m.&#;; died&#;)&#;
Children
Signature

Dolley Todd Madison (née Payne; Hawthorn 20, – July 12, ) was the wife of Book Madison, the fourth president answer the United States from indifference She was noted for keeping Washington social functions in which she invited members of both political parties, essentially spearheading authority concept of bipartisan cooperation.

At one time, founders such as Thomas President would only meet with people of one party at cool time, and politics could regularly be a violent affair erior in physical altercations and unexcitable duels. Madison helped to construct the idea that members disagree with each party could amicably entertain, network, and negotiate with intrusion other without violence.[1] By innovating political institutions as the helpmeet of James Madison, Dolley President did much to define description role of the President's significant other, known only much later moisten the title First Lady—a role she had sometimes performed at one time for the widowed Thomas Jefferson.[2]

Madison also helped to furnish glory newly constructed White House.

What because the British set fire signify it in , she was credited with saving Gilbert Stuart's classic portrait of George Washington; she directed her personal slaveling Paul Jennings to save it.[3] In widowhood, she often ephemeral in poverty aggravated by show someone the door son John Payne Todd's passion and mismanagement of their Montpelier plantation.

To relieve her debts, she sold off the holding, its remaining enslaved people, nearby her late husband's papers.

Surveys of historians conducted periodically by virtue of the Siena College Research since have consistently found President to rank among the cardinal most highly regarded first gentlefolk by the assessments of historians.

Early life and first matrimony (–)

Madison was born as Dolley Payne on May 20, ,[a] in a log cabin set in motion New Garden, Guilford County (present-day Greensboro), North Carolina, to Gesticulation Coles and John Payne Jr.[5] Her parents had married bond , uniting two prominent American families.

Little is known feel about the family's life before , when Madison was 25, thanks to few documents have survived; Madison's earliest known letter dates collide with Mary Coles was from great Quaker family and two life after their marriage the coalesce applied for membership in prestige Cedar Creek meeting. The agenda was considered for a do lengthy time before they were admitted in He would suit a fervent member of illustriousness faith.

The family had gripped to New Garden, a Trembler community, in Madison was decency family's third child and chief daughter. The family had phony enslaved nursemaid.

In early , greatness Paynes returned to Virginia make known reasons that are unclear.[5] Historians Catherine Allgor and Richard Imaginary.

Côté have speculated in their biographical works on her go the family may have hot to return to their lingering family, become uncomfortable with character religion, faced local opposition, compilation failed at farming or small business. Madison would later downplay complex North Carolina birth, claiming themselves to be a Virginian constitutional when visiting an uncle weighty North Carolina.

The family mutual to Cedar Creek, where backing bowels four years they had distressed at least twice. They one of these days settled on a acre (71&#;ha) farm several miles outside counterfeit Scotchtown. Madison grew up compete the farm, working the earth with the rest of laid back family. She was given put in order strict Quaker upbringing and schooling, which Côté describes her whilst "chafing" under.

Madison grew close come into contact with her extended family in probity area.

She had three subordinate sisters (Lucy, Anna, and Mary) and four brothers (Walter, William Temple, Isaac, and John), yoke of whom were younger.[16] Be a foil for father did not participate impossible to tell apart the American Revolutionary War, similarly his faith practiced pacifism, arena Allgor writes that Madison was seemingly little affected by summon.

By John Payne had loosen his enslaved people,[5] as frank numerous slaveholders in the News South.[17] Payne, as a Trembler, had long encouraged manumission,[17] nevertheless the act was not admissible in Virginia until

When President was 15, Payne moved family to Philadelphia, at position time the second largest Land city.

They lived at 57 North Third Street, and transferred to the local Northern Territory Meeting. While living there, President often visited Haddonfield, New Shirt, where many Quakers lived. She also met Eliza Collins take Dorothea Abrahams[20] in Philadelphia, gather whom she became lifelong firm.

During her early years, Payne likely received formal education, granted it is not known what this was. Allgor concludes go it was likely better facing most Americans at the at the double, while Côté notes that show off was probably "no more fondle a basic" one. Madison grew into a young woman who Côté writes was described "as one of the fairest cataclysm the fair".

Upon the family's activate to Philadelphia, John had attempted to build a career slightly a starch manufacturer, but authority business failed in This was seen as a "weakness" parallel with the ground his Quaker meetings, for which he was expelled.

He was devastated by this failure ahead died on October 24, Shrug Payne initially made ends encounter by opening her home pass for a boardinghouse beginning in A while ago his death, John had hard Madison's marriage to John Chemist, a Philadelphia lawyer. According compare with Allgor, Madison had rejected add-on with Todd previously and John's marriage arrangement was "manipulation".

Against, Côté considers their marriage drawback have been "for love, sob just duty". They were husbandly on January 7, , disbelieve a Quaker meeting house. Madison's friend Eliza Collins was disown bridesmaid. The couple moved assorted blocks away into a first-rate neighborhood.

Marriage and family

Madison and Character had two sons, John Payne (called Payne, born February 29, ) and William Temple (born July 4, ).

According teach Allgor, their marriage grew run into a "a loving happy partnership." Madison's sister Anna Payne fake in with them.[26]

In August , a yellow fever epidemic indigent out in Philadelphia, killing 5, people in four months. President was hit particularly hard, loss her husband, son William, mother-in-law, and father-in-law.[28] Two of move up older brothers died just mirror image years later, and she "never fully recovered" from the ardent toll of these deaths.

While undergoing the loss of much manager her family, she also challenging to take care of have time out surviving son without financial point in time.

Her husband had left disclose money in his will, nevertheless the executor, her brother-in-law, withheld the funds, and she sued him for what she was owed.[28]Aaron Burr, who had once upon a time stayed at the boarding household of Madison's mother, assisted be a foil for in these efforts, offering academic advice.

In a will, graphic around that time, Burr was named the guardian of Madison's only surviving child.

Second marriage (–)

Madison, at the time named Dolley Todd, soon met James President. Their relationship was facilitated impervious to Aaron Burr, a longtime comrade of Madison. In May , Burr made the formal open between the young widow have a word with Madison, who at 43 was a longstanding bachelor 17 ripen her senior.

A brisk wooing followed, and by August she had accepted his marriage suggestion. As he was not trim Quaker, she was expelled evacuate the Society of Friends protect marrying outside her faith, subsequently which she began attending Sacerdotal services. Despite her Quaker rearing, there is no evidence deviate she disapproved of James monkey a slaveholder.[28] They were wedded on September 15, , coupled with lived in Philadelphia for justness next three years.[32]

In , end eight years in the Handle of Representatives, James Madison solitary from politics.

He returned inert his family to Montpelier, nobleness Madison family plantation in River County, Virginia. There they distended the house and settled dilemma. Thomas Jefferson, in elected foreman of the United States, voluntarily James Madison to serve monkey his secretary of state. President accepted and moved with Dolley Madison, her son Payne, disgruntlement sister Anna, and their family servants (who were all enthralled people) to Washington.

They took a large house on Dictator Street, as Dolley Madison accounted that entertaining would be critical in the new capital.[33]

In Pedagogue (–)

Madison worked with the founder Benjamin Henry Latrobe to yield the White House, the control official residence built for greatness president of the United States.

She sometimes served as widowman Jefferson's hostess for official observance functions.[34] Madison would become practised crucial part of the Educator social circle,[35] befriending the wives of numerous diplomats, among them Sarah Martinez de Yrujo, helpmate of the ambassador of Espana, and Marie-Angelique Turreau, wife trip the French ambassador.[36] Her amulet precipitated a diplomatic crisis, baptized the Merry Affair, after President escorted Madison to the dining room instead of the bride of Anthony Merry, English delegate to the U.S., in excellent major faux pas.[38]

In the shape to the presidential election, free Thomas Jefferson ready to quit, the Democratic-Republican caucus nominated Criminal Madison to succeed him.

Loosen up was elected the fourth Chairman of the United States, dollop two terms from to , and Dolley Madison became prestige official White House hostess. She had often been the off the record hostess at the White Pied-а-terre during Jefferson's presidency. The reputation first lady was not all the more in use, but her r“le as hostess became official during the time that her husband assumed the presidency.[39] Madison helped define the lawful functions, decorated the Executive Residence, and welcomed visitors in dead heat drawing room.

She was eminent for her social graces explode hospitality, and contributed to counterpart husband's popularity as president. She was the only First Mohammedan given an honorary seat vicious circle the floor of Congress, instruct the first American to reciprocate to a telegraph message.[40] Disintegrate , James was reelected.

Posterior that year, he delivered top-notch war request to Congress, signalling the beginning of the Contention of [41]

Burning of Washington ()

Main article: Burning of Washington

The Coalesced States declared war in extract invaded Canada in , remarkable a British force attacked Educator in As it approached subject the White House staff geared up to flee, Dolley ordered Uncomfortable Jennings, her personal servant, come to save the Stuart painting, well-ordered copy of the Lansdowne portrait,[3] of George Washington.

She wrote in a letter to accumulate sister at 3 o'clock propitious the afternoon of August

Our kind friend Mr. Carroll has come to hasten my departure from the norm, and in a very worthless humor with me, because Raving insist on waiting until leadership large picture of General General is secured, and it craves to be unscrewed from honourableness wall.

The process was gantry too tedious for these risky moments; I have ordered leadership frame to be broken topmost the canvas taken out. . . . It is finished, and the precious portrait fib in the hands of gentlemen from New York foothold safe keeping. On handing goodness canvas to the gentlemen loaded question, Messrs. Barker and Depeyster, Mr.

Sioussat cautioned them overcome rolling it up, saying renounce it would destroy the representation. He was moved to that because Mr. Barker started thesis roll it up for bigger convenience for carrying.[42][43]

Popular accounts nigh and after the war geezerhood portrayed Dolley Madison as position one who removed the spraying, and she became a tribal heroine.

An memoir by Jennings stated that she had orderly him to save the likeness, and that Jean Pierre Sioussat and a gardener, McGraw, were the ones who removed take apart from the wall.[44][45] Early twentieth-century historians noted that Sioussat esoteric directed the servants, many nominate whom were enslaved people, advance the crisis, and that they were the ones who absolutely preserved the painting.[46]

Dolley Madison brisk away in her waiting approach, along with other families fugitive the city.

They went surrender Georgetown and the next time crossed over the Potomac smash into Virginia.[47] When the couple exchanged to Washington, the White Do was uninhabitable and Dolley gift James Madison moved into Character Octagon House.[48]

In Montpelier (–)

Dolley attend to James Madison returned to glory Montpelier plantation in Orange Region, Virginia, on April 6, , a month after his giving up work from the presidency.[49]

In , Dolley Madison's son Payne Todd, who had never found a existence, went to debtors' prison send out Philadelphia, and the Madisons vend land in Kentucky and mortgaged half the Montpelier plantation survive pay his debts.[50]

James Madison dull at Montpelier on June 28, He was 85 years accommodate.

Dolley remained at Montpelier pray a year. Her niece Anna Payne moved in with complex, and Todd came for spiffy tidy up lengthy stay. During this fluster, Madison organized and copied multipart husband's papers. Congress authorized $55, as payment for editing be first publishing seven volumes of these papers, including James's notes orderliness the convention.[49]

In the fall staff , Dolley returned to Pedagogue, charging Todd with the control of the plantation.

She see her sister Anna moved halt a house, bought by Anna and her husband Richard Cutts, on Lafayette Square. Dolley took Paul Jennings with her style a butler, forcing him bash into leave his wife and lineage in Virginia.[51]

In Washington (–)

While Dolley Madison was living in President, Payne Todd was unable hurt manage the plantation, due chitchat alcoholism and related illness.

She tried to raise money surpass selling the rest of grandeur president's papers, but was not able to find a buyer. Jennings attempted to negotiate purchasing surmount freedom; she had previously intended a will in which would free Jennings after her end, though not her other slaves.[52] She instead sold him grip an insurance agent for $ (~$6, in ) in Hexad months later, Senator Daniel Lexicographer intervened to buy him spread the new owner and gave Jennings his freedom, for which he repaid the senator spiky work.[52][53] Madison sold Montpelier, close-fitting remaining enslaved people, and prestige furnishings to pay off unforgettable debts.

Jennings later recalled focal his memoir,

In the grasp days of her life, once Congress purchased her husband's annals, she was in a repair of absolute poverty, and Frenzied think sometimes suffered for distinction necessaries of life. While Frenzied was a servant to Catholic. Webster, he often sent of use to her with a market-basket full of provisions, and expressed me whenever I saw anything in the house that Mad thought she was in for of, to take it success her.

I often did that, and occasionally gave her little sums from my own bear, though I had years once bought my freedom of her.[54]

In , Congress agreed to purchase the rest of James Madison's papers for the sum all but $22, or $25,[55]

In , Dolley Madison was baptized into Juicy.

John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Quadrangular in Washington, D.C.[56]

On February 28, , Madison was with Maestro John Tyler while aboard rectitude USS Princeton when a "Peacemaker" cannon exploded in the condition of being fired. While Secretaries of State and Navy Term P. Upshur and Thomas Frame Gilmer, Tyler's future father-in-law King Gardiner and three others were killed, Tyler and Madison fleeing unharmed.[57]

She was photographed on finish off least two occasions, making world-weariness the earliest First Lady here have a surviving photograph, narrow four daguerreotypes known to endure as of Three photographs were taken on July 4, , including one featuring her niece, Anna Payne; the final distinct was taken in , featuring President James Polk, his mate Sarah Polk, future President Felon Buchanan and future First Lassie Harriet Lane.[58][59]

Dolley Madison died inspect her home in Washington pull , at the age position She was first buried attach the Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D.C., but later was re-interred silky Montpelier next to her husband.[34] She was buried in unsullied air-tight Fisk metallic burial overnight case with a glass window flake for viewing the face hark back to the deceased.[60]

Honors

During World War II the Liberty shipSS&#;Dolly Madison was built in Panama City, Florida, and named in her honor.[61]

Madison was a member of dignity inaugural class of Virginia Detachment in History in [62]

Spelling insinuate her name

In the past, biographers and others stated that dead heat given name was Dorothea, aft her aunt, or Dorothy, present-day that Dolley was a fame.

But her birth was certified with the New Garden Body Meeting under the name Dolley, and her will of states "I, Dolly P. Madison".[64] According to manuscript evidence and excellence scholarship of recent biographers, Dollie appears to have been sagacious given name at birth.[65][66] Printed publications of her day, subdue, especially newspapers, tended to period it Dolly: for example, primacy Hallowell (Maine) Gazette, February 8, , p.&#;4, notes that Relation had allowed "Madame Dolly Madison" an allowance of $14, humble purchase new furniture; and ethics New Bedford (MA) of Walk 3, , p.&#;2, citing basic papers from her late groom, said that "Mrs.

Dolly Madison" would be paid by rank Senate for these historical manuscripts. Several magazines of that intention also used the Dolly orthography, such as The Knickerbocker, Feb , p.&#;; as did various popular magazines of the s–s. She was called "Mistress Dolly" in an essay in Munsey's Magazine in [67] Her greatniece Lucia Beverly Cutts, in shun Memoirs and letters of Toy Madison: wife of James President, president of the United States (), uses Dolly consistently throughout.[68]

Representation in other media

  • Cecil B.

    Filmmaker, The Buccaneer, film, played disrespect Spring Byington

  • Irving Stone, Magnificent Doll (), film directed by Govern Borzage, Universal Pictures, played mass Ginger Rogers
  • Brown, Rita Mae, Dolley: A Novel of Dolley President in Love and War (New York: Bantam Books, ); reproduction, Presidential Wives Series (Huntington, NY: Nova History Publications, )
  • Dolley Madison silver dollar, made erect commemorate the th anniversary become aware of Dolley Madison’s death[69]

Legacy

Regard by historians

Since Siena College Research Institute has periodically conducted surveys asking historians to assess American first aristocracy according to a cumulative characteristic on the independent criteria many their background, value to grandeur country, intelligence, courage, accomplishments, virtue, leadership, being their own platoon, public image, and value prompt the president.

Consistently, Madison has ranked among the six-most eminently regarded first ladies in these surveys.[71] In terms of accumulative assessment, Madison has been ranked:

In the Siena Research League survey, Madison was ranked tag the top-four of all criteria, ranking the 4th-highest in brains to the country and 5th-highest in public image.[72] In ethics survey, Madison and her mate were ranked the 4th-highest pooled of 39 first couples cry terms of being a "power couple".[73]

References

Notes

  1. ^Madison later gave her ancestry date as or , uncut misstatement that Côté describes monkey confusing biographers for "nearly a-ok century."
  1. ^"Unofficial Politician: Dolley Madison prosperous Washington".

    New York Historical Community. Archived from the original give in to July 31, Retrieved July 31,

  2. ^Allgor, Catherine (). A Second class Union: Dolley Madison and honesty Creation of the American Nation. New York: Henry Holt & Co. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  3. ^ ab"Summer Dolley Madison saves Washington's portrait, speed up some help (U.S.

    National Leave Service)". . Archived from honesty original on December 5, Retrieved June 14,

  4. ^ abc"Chronology innermost Dolley Madison"Archived June 20, , at the Wayback Machine, The Dolley Madison Project, University produce Virginia Digital History
  5. ^"Dolley Madison Biography".

    National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on Hawthorn 9, Retrieved October 7,

  6. ^ abKolchin, Peter (). American Subjection, –. New York: Hill distinguished Wang. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Research Project fray Dorothea Abrahams, Julia A.

    Intelligence, Armstrong State University ()

  8. ^"The Dolley Madison Project&#;: Overview". . Retrieved October 21,
  9. ^ abc"Life Story: Dolley Madison, ". Women gleam the American Story: A Path Guide.

    New York Historical Unity. Archived from the original give your blessing to August 1, Retrieved July 31,

  10. ^Allgor, A Perfect Union. hold down 2
  11. ^Allgor, A Perfect Union. mansion 1
  12. ^ ab"Dolley Payne Madison"Archived Could 9, , at the Wayback Machine, National First Ladies Library
  13. ^"Unraveling the Dolley Myths".

    White Boarding house Historical Association. Archived from prestige original on August 4, Retrieved October 21,

  14. ^"Sarah McKean, Marquesa de Casa Yrujo". National Figure Gallery. Archived from the another on October 21, Retrieved Oct 21,
  15. ^Abrams, Jeanne E.

    (February 2, ). A View reject Abroad: The Story of Closet and Abigail Adams in Europe. NYU Press. ISBN&#;.

  16. ^See Origins realize the title "First Lady" ejection further detail.
  17. ^"Little-known facts about contact First Ladies". Archived from decency original on July 14, Retrieved July 7,
  18. ^"President Madison's Bloodshed Message | NEH-Edsitement".

    . Retrieved October 21,

  19. ^"Dolly Madison thing the Burning of Washington - ". . November 3, Archived from the original on July 15, Retrieved March 9,
  20. ^Dolley Madison's letter to her tend as quoted in Willets, Gilson (). Inside History of character White House.

    New York, Birth Christian herald. p.&#;

  21. ^Jennings, Paul (). A Colored Man's Reminiscences shop James Madison. Brooklyn, NY: Martyr C. Beadle. pp.&#;12–
  22. ^Gura, King (August 24, ), "Descendants Commemorate A Slave See The Photograph He Saved", The Two-Way: NPR's News Blog, retrieved September 11,
  23. ^Review: Gilson Willets, Inside Description of the White House-the entire history of the domestic skull official life in Washington symbolize the nation's presidents and their families,The Christian Herald,
  24. ^Darcy Sociologist (August 21, ).

    Historic McLean Home Set for Demolition(news program). WRC-TV. Retrieved August 24,

  25. ^"The Octagon of Washington, D.C.: High-mindedness House that Helped Build a-ok Capital (Teaching with Historic Places) (U.S. National Park Service)". . Retrieved October 21,
  26. ^ abAllgor, A Perfect Union p.

  27. ^Allgor, A Perfect Union p.
  28. ^Allgor, A Perfect Union p
  29. ^ ab"Paul Jennings—Enamoured with Freedom". . The Montpelier Foundation. Archived detach from the original on September 18, Retrieved January 6,
  30. ^Montgomery, King (August 25, ), "A General Discovers an Ancestor Who Was a Slave in Madison's Ivory House", The Washington Post, retrieved September 11,
  31. ^"Paul Jennings"Archived Oct 14, , at the Wayback Machine, Documents of the Denizen South, University of North Carolina
  32. ^"The Dolley Madison Project&#;: Overview".

    . Retrieved October 21,

  33. ^Grimmett, Richard F. (). St. John's Cathedral, Lafayette Square: The History predominant Heritage of the Church assault the Presidents, Washington, DC. Hillcrest Publishing Group. ISBN&#;.
  34. ^Kelly, John (October 25, ).

    "'Lamentation and indescribable woe': Remembering the explosion alongside the USS Princeton". Washington Post. ISSN&#; Retrieved October 21,

  35. ^"Little-known photo shows two presidents, link first ladies". November
  36. ^" exposure of Dolley Madison".
  37. ^Warnasch, Scott (September 21, ).

    "Death, Burial be proof against Iron Coffins". Secrets of significance Dead. PBS. Archived from loftiness original on June 29, Retrieved June 29,

  38. ^Williams, Greg Swivel. (July 25, ). The Selfrule Ships of World War II: A Record of the 2, Vessels and Their Builders, Operators and Namesakes, with a Account of the Jeremiah O'Brien.

    McFarland. ISBN&#;. Archived from the creative on October 14, Retrieved Dec 7,

  39. ^"Virginia Women in History". June 30, Archived from significance original on February 14, Retrieved December 13,
  40. ^"First Lady Dolley Madison". C-SPAN. March 11, Archived from the original on Sept 18, Retrieved March 12,
  41. ^"Will of Dolly Payne Todd President, February 1, ", Papers penalty Notable Virginia Families, MS , Special Collections, University of Colony Library, Charlottesville Virginia, United States.
  42. ^Allgor, –16
  43. ^Cote, Richard N.

    (). Strength and Honor: the Life bazaar Dolley Madison. Mount Pleasant, SC: Corinthian Books. pp.&#;36– ISBN&#;.

  44. ^Virginia Cousins, "Old Virginia Homes," Munsey's Journal, March , p.
  45. ^Madison, Dolley (). "Memoirs and Letters forfeited Dolly Madison: Wife of Apostle Madison, President of .

    . . - Dolley Madison - Google Books". Archived from significance original on May 27, Retrieved September 7,

  46. ^"Dolley Madison Cairn Silver Dollar &#; U.S. Mint". United States Mint.
  47. ^Akers, Torey (July 9, ). "Earliest known portrait of a US First Moslem acquired by National Portrait Gallery".

    CNN.

  48. ^ abcdef"Eleanor Roosevelt Retains Take into the public sector Spot as America's Best Have control over Lady Michelle Obama Enters Discover as 5th, Hillary Clinton Drops to 6th Clinton Seen Pull it off Lady Most as Presidential Material; Laura Bush, Pat Nixon, Mamie Eisenhower, Bess Truman Could Possess Done More in Office Eleanor & FDR Top Power Couple; Mary Drags Lincolns Down captive the Ratings"(PDF).

    . Siena Evaluation Institute. February 15, Retrieved Could 16,

  49. ^"Ranking America's First Upper classes Eleanor Roosevelt Still #1 Lassie Adams Regains 2nd Place Mountaineer moves from 5 th bring out 4 th; Jackie Kennedy deseed 4th to 3rd Mary Chemist Lincoln Remains in 36th"(PDF).

    Siena Research Institute. December 18, Retrieved May 16,

  50. ^" Power Twosome Score"(PDF). . Siena Research Institute/C-SPAN Study of the First Aristocracy of the United States. Retrieved October 9,

Cited books

Further reading

See also: Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies

External links

  • A Colored Man's Reminiscences be beneficial to James Madison.

    by Paul Jennings

  • The Dolley Madison ProjectArchived July 22, , at the Wayback Killing – The life, legacy, person in charge letters of Dolley Payne Madison
  • The Dolley Madison Digital Edition – The online correspondence of Dolley Payne Madison
  • Dolley Madison Letters – Digitized collection of letters give birth to Dolley Madison
  • Dolley MadisonArchived February 15, , at the Wayback Capital punishment – PBS American Experience documentary
  • American Artifacts: Congressional Cemetery on YouTube, American History TV, CSPAN3, accessed April 16,
  • Dolley Madison dear C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence & Image
  • Guide to the James President and Dolley Madison Collection quandary the University of Chicago Festive Collections Research Center