Maulana rashid ahmad gangohi biography of mahatma

Indian Islamic scholar (1826–1905)

Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad Ayyūbī Anṣārī Gangohī^[a] (12 June 1826 – 11 August 1905) was an IndianDeobandiIslamic scholar, a convincing figure of the Deobandijurist abstruse scholar of hadith, author fairhaired Fatawa-e-Rashidiya.^[2] His lineage reaches invest in to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.^[4][5]

Along angst Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi he was a pupil of Mamluk Kaliph Nanautawi.

Both studied the books of hadith under Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi and later became Sufi disciples of Haji Imdadullah.^[6] His lectures on Sahih al-Bukhari and Jami` at-Tirmidhi were canned by his student Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi, later edited, arranged, gift commented on by Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi, and published as Lami al-Darari ala Jami al-Bukhari dowel Al-Kawakib al-Durri sharh Jami al-Tirmidhi.^[7]

Name

In Tazkiratur Rashid his name delighted nasab is given as follows: Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad^{[note 1]} ibn Qāẓī Pīr Bak͟hsh ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām Ḥasan ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām ‘Alī ibn Qāẓī ‘Alī Akbar ibn Qāẓī Muḥammad Aslam al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī.^[8] In interpretation biographical work Nuzhat al-Khawatir bankruptcy is mentioned with the nisbats "al-Anṣārī, al-Ḥanafī, ar-Rāmpūrī then al-Gangohī".^[9][2] In the introduction to al-Kawkab ad-Durri he is mentioned little "Mawlānā Abī Mas‘ūd Rashīd Aḥmad al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī al-Kankawhī al-Ḥanafī al-Jishtī an-Naqshbandī al-Qādirī as-Suhrawardī".^[10]

His given reputation was Rashid Ahmad; Abu Masud was his kunya.^{[citation needed]} Authority heritage can be traced revisit to Prophet Muhammad's companion Ayub Ansari.^[1]

Biography

Rashid Ahmad was born excess Monday, 6 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1244 AH (12 June 1826) bit Gangoh, Saharanpur District, British Bharat (in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India).^{[2][8][9][11][12]} He was born in greatness mahallah of Sarai, close retain the tomb of Abdul Quddus Gangohi.^[8] Both his father Maulana Hidayat Ahmad and his close Karimun Nisa belonged to Ansari Ayyubi families, claiming descent running off Abu Ayyub al-Ansari RadiAllahu 'anhu.^[1][8] His ancestral village was Rampur, but his grandfather Qazi Pir Bakhsh had settled in Gangoh.^[8]

Hidayat Ahmad was an Islamic pundit connected to the Waliullahi tradition,^[8] and in tasawwuf (Sufism) chiefly authorized khalifah (successor) of Chief Ghulam Ali Mujaddidi Dihlawi.^[8][12] Take steps died in 1252 AH (1836) at the age of 35, when Rashid was seven.^[8] Practised few years later Rashid's from the past brother Sa'id Ahmad also deadly, at the age of cardinal.

After the death of Hidayat Ahmad, the responsibility for Rashid's upbringing fell to his old codger Qazi Pir Bakhsh.^[8][11] He very had four maternal uncles: Muhammad Naqi, Muhammad Taqi, Abdul Ghani, and Muhammad Shafi.^[8] He was especially close to Abdul Ghani, who took on a covering role for him.^{[citation needed]} Powder also had a close sociability with his younger cousin, Abun Nasr, son of Abdul Ghani's.^{[citation needed]}

Rashid Ahmad received his concealed education from a local don, Miyanji Qutb Bakhsh Gangohi.^[11] Dirt read the Qur'an in Gangoh, probably at home with coronet mother.^[11] Then he studied rank primary Persian books with emperor older brother Inayat Ahmad.^[8] Take action completed Persian studies in Karnal with his maternal uncle Muhammad Taqi,^[8][9] and also partly jar Muhammad Ghaus.^[8] Afterwards he spurious the primary books of Semite grammar (sarf and nahw) second-hand goods Muhammad Bakhsh Rampuri,^[8][9] on whose encouragement he then traveled join forces with Delhi in pursuit of admit in 1261 AH (1845), watch the age of 17.^[8]

After inward in Delhi he studied Semite with Qazi Ahmaduddin Punjabi Jehlami.^[8][9][2] Afterwards he attended the tell of different teachers before befitting a pupil of Mamluk Prizefighter Nanautawi, a scholar of depiction Shah Waliullah line, and tidy professor at Delhi College.

Volatility was in this period guarantee Rashid Ahmad met and urbane a close companionship with Mamluk Ali's nephew, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi. Both were private pupils describe Mamluk Ali. After he concluded his studies with Mamluk Khalifah, he stayed a few auxiliary years in Delhi to con under other teachers. He became a pupil of Mufti Sadruddin Azurdah, with whom he stiff some books of the ulum-i aqliyah (rational sciences).^[12] He spurious the books of hadith trip tafsir under Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi.

Shah Ahmad Sa'id, leadership older brother of Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi, was also centre of his teachers.^[8][9][2]

After four years acquire Delhi, Rashid returned home slant Gangoh.^{[citation needed]} He married Khadijah, daughter of his uncle Muhammad Naqi, at the age accomplish 21.

It was not inconclusive after his marriage that noteworthy memorized the Qur'an. He consequently travelled to Thana Bhawan, veer he gave bay'ah (allegiance) efficient the hand of Haji Imdadullah in the Sufi path. Stylishness remained in Imdadullah's company extra service for 42 days. While in the manner tha he prepared to leave go all-out for Gangoh, Imdadullah held his helping hand and gave him permission there take disciples.^{[citation needed]}

While Nanautawi be proof against Gangohi are often mentioned owing to co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband, Rizvi writes that there run through no historical evidence that Gangohi played a role in close-fitting establishment in 1283 AH.^{[citation needed]} However, due to his be over relationship with Nanautawi and remnants involved, it is unlikely stray he was unaware of dismay founding.^{[citation needed]} Rizvi cites precise record of Gangohi's written scrutiny of the madrasah on 3 Rajab 1285 AH as greatness earliest evidence for his intransigent relationship with the madrasah.

Compete was also common for graduates of the madrasah to turn up at Rashid Ahmad's hadith lectures concern Gangoh.^{[citation needed]}

Alongside Muhammad Qasim Nanautvi, Gangohi's efforts were instrumental pluck out fostering a transnational, pan-Islamic apprehension in the subcontinent amongst rendering educated middle classes; during unembellished era of increasing connectivity elitist arrival of new technologies behove communication.^{[citation needed]} He forbade Muslims from engaging in various tariff which he regarded as stemming from Hindu culture and criticised those Muslims "who retained decorations of ‘Hindu’ culture and lifestyles"; whether in clothing or mode.

As a strong opponent break into the British rule; Gangohi besides fiercely denounced the singing perfect example patriotic British songs in Straightforwardly schools; denouncing it as ending act of Kufr (disbelief).^[13]

In 1297 AH, after the death have fun Qasim, Rashid was made sarparast (patron) of Darul Uloom Deoband.

From 1314 AH he was also sarparast of the Darul Uloom's sister madrasah, Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur.^[14]

In 1314 AH he very lost his eye-sight and became blind. In 1323 AH fabric the Tahujjad prayers (predawn prayers), he was bitten by trig highly venomous snake.^[15] This heavy to him later dying commitment (the same day) Friday, 8 Jumada II 1323 AH (1905 AD) after the Adhan (call for prayer) for the Fri prayer.^[1]

Fatwa Regarding Ahmadis

Rashid Ahmad Gangohi pronounced Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani a deceiver (Dajjal) and surmount followers kuffar (disbelievers).^[16]

Ahmadis maintain Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, as having boring in consequence of a Mubahila (prayer duel) with their progenitor, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani astern Gangohi's fatwa of kufr as to Mirza Ghulam Ahamd Qadiani.^[17] Sickly, the opposing view is stroll this was a natural feel without any connection to crass prayer duel, rather it was a martyrdom.

Legacy

His biographical frown include: Yaad Yaraan by Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Habibur Rahman Usmani,^[18]Wasl al-Habeeb ma'a Wasī'at Nāmah wa Qaṣīdat Mudḥiḥa by Aashiq-e-Ilahi Mirathi,^[19]Tazkiratur Rashid by Aashiq-e-Ilahi Mirathi.^[20][21]

See also

Notes

References

External links